{"id":48,"date":"2020-09-30T06:53:03","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T06:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/?p=48"},"modified":"2020-09-30T06:53:07","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T06:53:07","slug":"covid-19-amakuru-ku-nkingo-ni-bande-bazarubona-mbere-ni-gute-ruzakugeraho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/2020\/09\/30\/covid-19-amakuru-ku-nkingo-ni-bande-bazarubona-mbere-ni-gute-ruzakugeraho\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19: Amakuru ku nkingo, ni bande bazarubona mbere? Ni gute ruzakugeraho?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ibikorwa byihutirwa bidasanzwe biri gukorwa ngo urukingo rwa Coronavirus niruboneka ruzatangwe hose ku isi. Ariko hari impungenge ku ngaruka zo gutanguranwa kurubona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nonese ni inde uzarubona mbere, bizasaba ikihe kiguzi, ni gute kandi ruzatugeraho twese?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubusanzwe inkingo zo kurwanya ibyorezo zifata imyaka ngo zikorwe neza zemezwe zinagezweho ku bantu. Ndetse rimwe ntizibe zitunganye neza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kugeza ubu, kimwe mu byorezo byandura cyararanduwe burundu \u2013 ubushita (smallpox\/variole) \u2013 byafashe imyaka 200.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibindi \u2013 kuva ku mbasa, tetanusi, iseru n\u2019igituntu \u2013 turacyabana nabyo ariko tukabihashya, ku bw\u2019inkingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hari gukorwa amagerageza y\u2019inkingo ku bihumbi by\u2019abantu bashaka urukingira abantu Covid-19, indwara y\u2019ubuhumekero iterwa na virusi yo mu bwoko bw\u2019izitwa corona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igikorwa ubundi gishobora kumara imyaka 10, kuva ku bushakashatsi kugera ku kurugeza ku bantu, ubu kiri gukorwa mu gihe cy\u2019amezi gusa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abashoramari bashyize miliyari z\u2019amadorari muri ibi bikorwa byo gushakisha vuba bishoboka urukingo rw\u2019iki cyorezo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amagerageza y\u2019urukingo Uburusiya bwise Sputnik-V yerekanye gushitura ubwirinzi bw\u2019umubiri kuri iyi virusi kandi kurutera abantu biratangira mu kwezi kwa cumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubushinwa buvuga ko bwamaze kubona urukingo rukora neza ubu ruri gukorwa ku bwinshi ngo ruhabwe abasirikare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gusa hagaragajwe impungenge nyinshi ku muvuduko izi nkingo zombi zakoranywe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nta na rumwe muri izo rwashyizwe ku rutonde rw\u2019ishami ry\u2019umuryango w\u2019abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO\/OMS) rw\u2019inkingo zageze ku cyiciro cya gatatu cy\u2019igerageza \u2013 icyiciro cyo kugerageza urukingo ku bantu benshi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bamwe mu bari imbere muri iri siganwa bizeye ko inkingo zabo zizemezwa mu mpera z\u2019uyu mwaka \u2013 nubwo OMS yo ivuga ko ititeze gutangira gukingira abantu bose Covid-19 mbere ya hagati mu 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"presentational<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kompanyi AstraZeneca y\u2019Abongereza n\u2019Abanya-Su\u00e8de iri gukorana urukingo na Kaminuza ya Oxford, yo ubu iri gukora rwinshi mu rwo yamaze kugeraho mu gihe rukiri mu igerageza rya nyuma, yemeje kuzahita iha isi doze miliyari ebyiri zarwo nirumara kwemezwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pfizer na BioNTech, zivuga ko zashoye arenga miliyari imwe y\u2019amadorari muri gahunda yabo y\u2019urukingo rwa Covid-19, bizeye ko ruzaba rwamaze kwemezwa nibura mu kwezi gutaha kwa cumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nirwemezwa, bizaba bivuze ko bazahita batubura bagakora doze nibura miliyoni 100 bitarenze impera za 2020, ndetse birashoboka ko bagera kuri doze miliyari 1.3 ahagana ku mpera za 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hari kompanyi zisaga 20 zikora imiti ziri mu magerageza y\u2019inkingo zabo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ntabwo zose zizaba inkingo zikora neza zemewe \u2013 ubusanzwe 10% gusa by\u2019inkingo ziri kugeragezwa ni zo zikora neza. Icyizere ni uko abari kurushaka ari benshi no kubona nyinshi zikora bishoboka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gusa nubwo rumwe muri izi nkingo rwakwemezwa ko rukora neza, kuba ruzahita ruba iyanga (rucyeya cyane) nta wubishidikanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leta zimwe ziri gukora ibishoboka ngo uruzaboneka ruzazigereho vuba, zirakora amasezerano yo guhabwa miliyoni za doze zarwo na kompanyi ziri kuzikora na mbere y\u2019uko ubuziranenge bwazo bwemezwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leta y\u2019Ubwongereza yonyine imaze gusinya amasezerano y\u2019agaciro katatangajwe yo kubona inkingo esheshatu mu ziri gukorwa, zakwemezwa cyangwa zitakwemezwa ko zikora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leta ya Amerika yizeye kuzabona doze miliyoni 300 nibura mu kwezi kwa mbere kubera ishoramari mu kwihutisha kubona urukingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyo kurwanya ibyorezo (CDC) cyamaze no kugira inama za leta kwitegura gahunda zo gukingira ishobora gutangirana n\u2019ukwezi kwa 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gusa ibihugu byose ntibifite ubwo bushobozi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibigo nka M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, ubundi biba biri imbere muri gahunda zo gutwara inkingo no gukingira, bivuga ko ibiri gukorwa n\u2019ibihugu bikomeye ari \u201cukwikubira kandi biteye akaga gahunda isanzwe yo gukingira\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibi bigabanya ingano y\u2019urukingo ruhabwa ibihugu ku isi cyane ku bihugu bikennye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu gihe cyashize, dutanze nk\u2019urugero, igiciro cy\u2019inkingo z\u2019indwara zikomeye cyatumaga ibihugu bimwe bitabasha gukingira abana indwara nka mugiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Mari\u00e2ngela Sim\u00e3o, umukuru wa OMS wungirije ushinzwe imiti n\u2019ibikoresho by\u2019ubuvuzi, avuga ko bikenewe ko ibihugu bibuzwa kwikubira urukingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ati: \u201cHazabaho ikibazo cyo kurugeza kuri bose ku buryo bungana \u2013 ko ibihugu byose bigerwaho, ntirube urw\u2019ibishoboye kuriha menshi gusa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hari itsinda rishinzwe inkingo ku isi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OMS iri gukorana n\u2019itsinda ryo kurwanya ibyorezo, CEPI, hamwe n\u2019ihuriro rya za leta n\u2019imiryango ku by\u2019inkingo rizwi nka Gavi, mu kugira ibyo bumvikanaho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nibura ibihugu 80 bifite ubukungu bukomeye, kugeza ubu byemeje gahunda yiswe Covax igamije gukusanya miliyari ebyiri z\u2019amadorari bitarenze impera za 2020 yo gufasha kugura no gutanga mu buryo budasumbanya umuti cyangwa urukingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leta ya Amerika, ifite umugambi wo kuva muri OMS, ntabwo iri muri ibyo bihugu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Gavi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kuba ku isi hari kugeragezwa inkingo nyinshi, Gavi yizeye ko nibura hari uruzaba rwabonetse kandi rwemejwe bityo doze yarwo igera kuri miliyari ebyiri bayigeze ku bantu bitarenze impera za 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Seth Berkley ukuriye Gavi agira ati: \u201cKu nkingo za Covid-19 twifuza ko ibintu bihinduka. Niba ibihugu bikize ku isi bizaba byirinze byonyine ubwo n\u2019ubucuruzi n\u2019imibereho y\u2019abantu muri rusange ku isi izakomeza kuzahara kuko icyorezo cyaba gikomeje ahandi ku isi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizafata imari ingana iki?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mu gihe miliyari z\u2019amadorari ziri gushorwa mu gukora urukingo, izindi miliyoni nyinshi ziri gutegurwa mu kurugura no kurugeza aho rukenewe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agaciro ka doze imwe gaterwa n\u2019ubwoko bw\u2019urukingo, abarukoze n\u2019umubare w\u2019inkingo zifujwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urugero, kompanyi y\u2019imiti yitwa Moderna bivugwa ko iri kugurisha urukingo iri kugerageza ku giciro kiri hagati ya $32 na $37 (30,000 na 35,000Frw)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serum Institute of India (SII), kompanyi nini ikora inkingo ku isi, igiye guhabwa miliyoni $150 na Gavi hamwe na Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ngo ikore inatange mu Buhinde no mu bindi bihugu bikennye doze miliyoni 100 z\u2019urukingo ruzaba rwemejwe. Bavuga ko igiciro cyo hejuru kizaba ari $3 (2,900Frw) kuri doze imwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gusa abazakingirwa biteganyijwe ko benshi batazishyuzwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abazakingirwa biciye mu miryango nterankunga ku isi, nabo ntabwo bazarwishyura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni bande bazaruhabwa mbere?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kompanyi ziri gukora inkingo za Covid-19 si zo zizagena abazakingirwa mbere y\u2019abandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Gahunda<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sir Mene Pangalo, umukuru wungirije wa AstraZeneca, yabwiye BBC ati: \u201cBuri muryango cyangwa igihugu ni bo bazagena abazakingirwa mbere.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kubera ko inkingo zizaboneka mbere zizaba nkeya, kugabanya impfu ku barwaye no kurinda abakora mu nzego z\u2019ubuzima ni byo bishobora kuzitabwaho mbere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umugambi wa Gavi ni uko ibihugu byasinye gahunda ya Covax, ibikize n\u2019ibikennye, bizahita bihabwa doze ingana na 3% by\u2019abaturage babyo \u2013 ingano ihagije yo kurinda abo mu nzego z\u2019ubuzima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uko izindi nkingo zizagenda zituburwa, ibihugu bizahabwa izingana na 20% by\u2019umubare w\u2019ababituye \u2013 iki gihe abarengeje imyaka 65 ni bo bazitabwaho n\u2019andi matsinda y\u2019abantu afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyuma y\u2019uko ibihugu byose bibonye 20%, urukingo noneho ruzahabwa ibihugu hari ibikurikijwe, nk\u2019uburyo igihugu cyugarijwe na Covid-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibihugu bifite igihe ntarengwa cya tariki 18 z\u2019uku kwezi kwa cyenda ngo byinjire muri iyi gahunda binatange umusanzu wabyo bitarenze tariki 09 z\u2019ukwezi gutaha kwa cumi. Ibiganiro birakomeje ku ngingo nyinshi zirebana n\u2019urukingo rw\u2019iki cyorezo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu kwezi kwa karindwi, inama y\u2019ubutegetsi ya Gavi yemeje ibihugu 92 bizafashwa muri gahunda ya Covax, ibyo bihugu birimo u Burundi n\u2019u Rwanda ndetse na DR Congo, Tanzania na Uganda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gavi ivuga ko ibihugu bikize biyirimo bishobora guhabwa inkingo ziri hagati ya 10% na 50% by\u2019abaturage babyo, ariko ko nta gihugu kizahabwa urukingo rwo gukingira abarenze 20% ibindi bihugu byose biyirimo bitarahabwa icyo gipimo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Berkley avuga ko igipimo cya 5% cy\u2019urukingo ruzaba rwabonetse kizashyirwa ku ruhande, \u201crugahabwa imiryango ifasha kugira ngo ikingire urugero impunzi n\u2019abandi bo gufashwa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Inkingo\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mu gihe isi ihanze amaso abahanga ngo bakore akazi kabo, ibindi bibazo byinshi nabyo biri imbere. Gusa urukingo si yo ntwaro yonyine yo kurwanya coronavirus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Sim\u00e3o wo muri OMS ati: \u201cInkingo si cyo gisubizo gusa. Hakenewe n\u2019ubuvuzi bwayo, hakenewe kugabanya impfu, bityo hakenewe imiti n\u2019urukingo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIruhande rw\u2019ibyo, hakenewe n\u2019ibindi nko guhana intera, kwirinda ahari abantu benshi n\u2019ibindi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source: BBC Gahuza<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ibikorwa byihutirwa bidasanzwe biri gukorwa ngo urukingo rwa Coronavirus niruboneka ruzatangwe hose ku isi. Ariko hari impungenge ku ngaruka zo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ubuzima"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48\/revisions\/50"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brightafrica.rw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}